A five-year-old Australian child born genetically male will grow up as a sterilised female after a court agreed to her having surgery.
The child, known only as Carla, identifies as a girl but has no female reproductive organs, Family Court documents show.
The court approved a request by Carla's parents to surgically remove male gonads inside her body.
People with a combination of sex characteristics are called intersex.
'Stereotypically female' behaviour
When Carla turned five, her parents wanted to clarify if they needed court permission for the complex and irreversible surgery.
The Family Court heard Carla was born with female-appearing genitalia and exhibited "stereotypically female" behaviour, which included never wanting to be referred to as a male and a preference for "female toys, clothes and activities".
Court documents seen by the BBC show medical experts testified that surgery would remove the risk of Carla developing tumours and that she had no certainty of future fertility. The surgery should happen before puberty, they said.
The court ruled the parents did not need permission to arrange surgery. The ruling was made in January but it was not immediately made available to the public, The Australian newspaper said.
"I consider the proposed medical treatment 'therapeutic' as being necessary to appropriately and proportionately treat a genetic bodily malfunction that, untreated, poses real and not insubstantial risks to the child's physical and emotional health," Family Court Judge Colin Forrest said in making his ruling.
Campaigners question surgery
Some intersex campaigners have challenged the ethical basis of irreversible surgery, arguing that gender identity is complex.
One advocate, Morgan Carpenter, told the BBC that children should decide their identity for themselves when they are older.
"Gender assignment is always appropriate," he said. "What is not appropriate is surgically enforced gender assignment."
Mr Carpenter said he believed medical and legal professionals often wrongly approached variations in sex development as disorders in need of correction.
"We need clinicians to consult the community to develop non-surgical options," he said.
BBC Reported
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